Thursday, August 27, 2020

Comparing the Family of Kingsolver’s Bean Trees with the Ideal Family

Contrasting the Family Presented in Barbara Kingsolver’s The Bean Trees with the Ideal Family of Socrates In The Republic, Socrates admired the ideal city. One of the perspectives that he thought on was the bringing up of kids and family structure. The end came to by Socrates is that no parent will know his own posterity or any youngster his folks (457 d). It was Socrate's conviction that the best air would be made in a collective childhood of the city's youngsters. In a similar sense, he accepted that they should play it safe to safeguard that no mother knows her own youngster (460 c). Not even the mother, the customary kid rearer, would be allowed to know or have a state in the lives of her own youngsters, however in the entirety of the kids all in all. In like manner, Barbara Kingsolver presents numerous comparative thoughts of family in her novel, The Bean Trees. While Kingsolver values the mutual family, she varies from Socrates in that her essential spotlight is on the maternal power that drives the family. Socrates' concept of the aggregate family is apparent in Barbara Kingsolver's work, also. In The Bean Trees, Kingsolver represents the a wide range of families that can be available in one's life, and the significance of that common job. As Maureen Ryan calls attention to, in the diverse world that [Kingsolver] imagines all through her fiction, we'd all consideration for everybody's youngster (81). In Kingsolver vision, Taylor, Lou Ann, Turtle, and Dwayne Ray can live respectively as a family, supporting each other truly, profoundly, and intellectually. Kingsolver additionally tries to incorporate Taylor become a close acquaintence with Sandy, and how they help each other out by determining the status of one another's children at the shopping center day-care (67). Sandy isn't the main on... ...furthermore, doesn't recognize or consider the decency that will be picked up by the interminable obligation of mother and youngster, nor does he consider this bond while theorizing on the chance of his city. Kingsolver makes a substantially more practical picture of a perfect family - one that is sustaining and adoring, while likewise showing the kid the essential necessities for endurance. While his concept of a mutual job is stressed, Socrates thought of how parenthood ought to be taken care of is exposed by the amazing introduction by Kingsolver in The Bean Trees. Works Cited Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees. New York : Harper, 1988. Plato. The Republic. Works of art of Moral and Political Theory. second ed. Michael L. Morgan. Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing Company, 1996. 32 - 246. Ryan, Maureen. Barbara Kingsolver's Lowfat Fiction. Journal of American Culture 18.4 (1995) : 77 - 82.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Subtle Differences in Where The Wild Things Are Essay -- Picture Books

Inconspicuous Differences Make Where The Wild Things Are a Classic At the point when one thinks about a kids' image book, one for the most part considers splendid hues and a story that includes a princess and a Mr. Perfect. One of the most exemplary kids' books, Maurice Sendak's Where The Wild Things Are, be that as it may, neither uses splendid hues nor a customary romantic tale. Rather the perusers meet a little fellow, Max, who, when sent to his room without supper, envisions a far away land. We meet his companions, the wild things, and discover that Max is the most wild thing of all. Those previously mentioned patterns are by all account not the only viewpoints that set Where The Wild Things Are separated from other youngsters' image books. Its structure, plot, and message all add to the singularity of this specific kids' book. One intriguing angle about Where The Wild Things Are is the manner in which the photos and content are set up. The initial sixteen pages and last two pages have content with a clear foundation on the left and the image on the right. Just a couple of pages in the center have the image and content conjoined on the same wavelength. William Moebius, in his article 'Prologue to Picturebook Codes', alludes to something many refer to as the dramatization of the turning of the page (132). He sees that an image book just permits the peruser a couple of words and thoughts one after another; writers cautiously choose which thoughts and words have a place on each page. The couple of pages where content and picture are together, Max is connecting with the wild things, while different pages exclusively depict Max's individual activities. Maybe Sendak needs the peruser to be increasingly mindful of the content while Max is separated from everyone else than what is happening in the content when he i s with the wild things. Sendak picks ... ... have their own specific manner of communicating affection, and we learn toward the end that Max utilizes this articulation to show his adoration for his mom. Max and his mom unpretentiously show their caring relationship, and it is only enough for the perusers to comprehend. Where The Wild Things Are is by all accounts a basic book to see, however it has numerous nuances that are communicated both through content and pictures that give the story a greater significance than what is on a superficial level. The blend between content, pictures, redundancy, and the messages sent makes this image book a kids' writing great. Works Cited Moebius, William. Prologue to Picturebook Codes, Word and Image, vol. 2, no. 2 (April - June 1986), pp. 141-51, 158. Sendak, Maurice. Where the Wild Things Are, New York, Harper Collins Publishers: 1963. Inconspicuous Differences in Where The Wild Things Are Essay - Picture Books Inconspicuous Differences Make Where The Wild Things Are a Classic At the point when one thinks about a kids' image book, one as a rule considers brilliant hues and a story that includes a princess and an ideal man. One of the most exemplary youngsters' books, Maurice Sendak's Where The Wild Things Are, in any case, neither uses brilliant hues nor a conventional romantic tale. Rather the perusers meet a little youngster, Max, who, when sent to his room without supper, envisions a far away land. We meet his companions, the wild things, and discover that Max is the most wild thing of all. Those previously mentioned patterns are by all account not the only angles that set Where The Wild Things Are separated from other youngsters' image books. Its structure, plot, and message all add to the independence of this specific youngsters' book. One fascinating angle about Where The Wild Things Are is the manner in which the photos and content are set up. The initial sixteen pages and last two pages have content with a clear foundation on the left and the image on the right. Just a couple of pages in the center have the image and content conjoined on the same wavelength. William Moebius, in his article 'Prologue to Picturebook Codes', alludes to something many refer to as the show of the turning of the page (132). He sees that an image book just permits the peruser a couple of words and thoughts one after another; writers cautiously choose which thoughts and words have a place on each page. The couple of pages where content and picture are together, Max is interfacing with the wild things, while different pages exclusively depict Max's individual activities. Maybe Sendak needs the peruser to be progressively mindful of the content while Max is separated from everyone else than what is happening in the content when he is with the wild things. Sendak picks ... ... have their own particular manner of communicating adoration, and we learn toward the end that Max utilizes this articulation to show his affection for his mom. Max and his mom quietly show their caring relationship, and it is only enough for the perusers to comprehend. Where The Wild Things Are is by all accounts a basic book to see, however it has numerous nuances that are communicated both through content and pictures that give the story a greater significance than what is on a superficial level. The blend between content, pictures, redundancy, and the messages sent makes this image book a youngsters' writing great. Works Cited Moebius, William. Prologue to Picturebook Codes, Word and Image, vol. 2, no. 2 (April - June 1986), pp. 141-51, 158. Sendak, Maurice. Where the Wild Things Are, New York, Harper Collins Publishers: 1963.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Essay Writing Tips - Basic Writing Tips to Help Students Prepare For TSI Writing Exams

Essay Writing Tips - Basic Writing Tips to Help Students Prepare For TSI Writing ExamsIf you're taking a formal science or math class, you're probably familiar with the standardized essay that students must write for their courses. Essay writing is certainly one of the most important parts of taking a course, and it's the single most time-consuming part of the entire school year. There are a number of essays you can prepare before the semester begins, however, and I'm going to explain a few tips to help you with your own writing habits. Let's get started!The first thing you need to do before even beginning to plan your essay is take some time to understand what your essay will be about. There are many different subjects that can be covered in a college or university writing course, but your subject is only as good as the essay that it contains. Do your homework before you start by reviewing the basic outline of your subject or career field, so that you'll have a clear idea of how bes t to write about it.After you have some idea of the topic you wish to cover, you'll need to create a detailed outline, or practice test. This can be an enormous benefit to you when it comes to writing an essay and will give you many ideas about how to proceed. An outline should be prepared by looking through a variety of essay writing samples, which can come in the form of samples online or books written by other writers. They're useful because they contain very detailed descriptions of writing a sample essay, along with all the important elements of a well-written essay. These samples should serve as a quick reference guide, helping you to make sure that everything you do is correctly laid out before you begin.Most people enjoy learning how to compose essays by practicing their writing skills with essay writing sample essays, so it's important to remember that there are a few tips that you should follow to ensure that your work is properly formatted for the TSI. If you're using the information provided by your outline or practice test, you should follow the guidelines that you came up with based on the outline. You don't have to copy the guidelines exactly, just follow them as closely as possible.After you've decided on the content you wish to include in your essay, you'll need to take a moment to review your written material and make sure that you're not committing any mistakes before you begin. Review your outline and practice a few sections before you write your first actual essay. Then, once you've gone through your practice and your outline, go back and read through your essay and make sure that everything is in order.Finally, you'll want to look at some TSI writing sample essays, particularly those that were created by high school and college students who have taken the same course that you are taking. There's no reason why you shouldn't use a TSI practice essay as a guide, since it's likely that it has been used by countless other students before you, and you'll be able to compare it to your own writing style and to the way the original author wrote the essay.There are plenty of ways to go about writing your own essay, so why not let your own experience serve as a valuable tool in the process? Just because you've never used a practice essay before doesn't mean that you can't use one to help you plan your own essay.Good luck with your writing, and remember that a good essay requires a lot of work! You can count on these helpful tips to help you prepare for the real thing!

Monday, May 25, 2020

Cultural Conflicts That Influenced His Moral Compass And...

In the story Bless Me, Ultima, Antonio faced several cultural conflicts that influenced his moral compass and cultural identity. First, he faced a cultural conflict between his mother and father’s aspirations regarding his destiny. His mother wanted Antonio to pursue a future life as a priest, while his father wanted Antonio to be a cowboy. Similarly, I grappled with the same battle as a child. My mother wanted me to pursue medicine, while my father wanted me to become an engineer and follow their footsteps. Just like Antonio had learned from Ultima, this was an element I had to decide for myself. I found out from life experiences that my passion for science, the human body, and the desire to prolong and save people’s lives, ultimately made my decision to pursue medicine. Another cultural conflict he faced was between his Spanish-speaking self and his English-speaking schoolmates. Throughout his life, he had followed the Spanish culture of his family, who mainly spoke Spanish in their home. His first day of school, he noticed that his English-speaking schoolmates were less accepting of his culture when he spoke Spanish in front of the class and unpacked his lunch filled with Hispanic food, which differed from the sandwiches his schoolmates brought for lunch. I shared the same prejudice as Antonio when I initially came to Los Angeles from the Philippines. My first day as a third grader, I was humiliated by my schoolmates because I spoke little English with aShow MoreRelatedWhat Does You Do?1330 Words   |  6 Pagesminimal amount, which elucidates the taxing recall process. You did not know the reasons you act or the value with it, you just simply do. However, with education, the most important cultural characteristic, an individual has a greater ability, so to speak, to act to his or her truest intentions, develop a moral compass, and has the foresight to set goals which further impacts their actions and presentation of oneself. Consider attempting any tasks, as simple as making a peanut butter sandwich. WhereRead MorePsychology in Every Day Use by Alice Walker1532 Words   |  7 Pagesunconscious mind into a tri-part; Id where our deepest desires lie, ego our conscious mind, and super-ego our moral guide based on our culture. Deconstructing the function of each tri-part can seem biased, especially with Freud’s belief that women were inferior to men and people of color inferior to all. Applying these concepts to the opposite gender and different race wasn’t likely his top priority especially in an equal playing field but, using the basic concepts could give a new perspective onRead MoreHow Does The Medical Model Have Power?4335 Words   |  18 Pages(Gabe, J. and Elston, M. A.2004). I will then compare the medical model with the social model and consider the effect they have on professionalism and dependency and I will discuss the binaries in the medical and social model plus the political, c ultural and economic impact in the society. I will discuss the limitations, policy, guidelines and legislations and how the medical model of disability can contribute to social exclusion, segregation and discrimination, and then look at how this depersonalizeRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagespublished via new media channels †¢ Any work, regardless of its value, can easily get broadcasted to a global audience †¢ Publishers want to ensure that their books sell *quality check* †¢ Any hack can put up his dribbling on Fictionpress.net †¢ Any angst-filled teenager can put up his or her macabre, misspelt poetry online. †¢ Anyone can masquerade a superstition for scientific truth and create a website to scare similarly weak-minded netizens Mainstream BAD: Profit motive and Government-regulatedRead MoreA Clockwork Orange as an Allusion to Platos Mimetic Imagination4156 Words   |  17 PagesAccording to Plato, a philosopher enters the realm of universal knowledge when his understanding is purely an abstract science. At this stage, the philosopher is in touch with the ultimate â€Å"Form of the Good,† and knows what is best for man. Imagination plays an integral role in reaching the Form of Good, because it serves as a means to which students can understand abstract ideas and eventually reach universal thought. In his pre-modern narrative The Republic of Plato, however, Plato finds that societyRead MoreChild Development 1-199854 Words   |  40 PagesThis also means listening and interpreting what happens around them. They begin to understand and attempt to say familiar words, although it is largely dependent upon the child when they begin to communicate to a more advanced level. Moral Within the first year moral development isn’t really a factor. Whilst the child understands and reacts to words such as ‘No’ they are still learning the most basic of skills. Their intellectual and social skills are beginning to grow but so far they are still learningRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagesproblem behaviour is associated with social disadvantage, poverty, homelessness, unemployment, bad housing, fragmented family structure and stressful life events. The youth emulate the behaviour of their parents and of their society, thus social and cultural factors influence patterns of risk taking (Plant Plant, 1992). Early initiation of reproductive behaviour varies widely across countries and between subgroups in the same country. In some societies a woman’s first sexual experience often happensRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pages*Some definitions of art according to philosophers: †¢ Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world.-Plato †¢ Art is the whole spirit of man.-Ruskin †¢ Art is the medium by which the artist communicates himself to his fellows.-Charleston Noyes †¢ Art is anything made or done by man that affects or moves us so that we see or feel beauty in it.-Collins and Riley How to tell what is good art? Many people think art is subjective. The answer is: yes, itRead MoreEssay on Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.)8730 Words   |  35 Pages | * Very little developement due to little political organization | * trade continued to spread technology * silk roads and Indian ocean trade continued to play key roles | * rapid military technology developement * inventions like compass, heavy plow, water mill and horse collar | * improved technology in military, sea travel, and agriculure * inreased overall interations between societies | * competition between states promoted military technology * increased trade and communicationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDecision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Origins Of The West East Essay - 2165 Words

Mesopotamia, the region located between Euphrates and Tigris Rivers (presently called lraq), is mostly termed as the cradle of civilization because it is known to be the principle place where compound urban centers developed. Nevertheless, the account of â€Å"Mesopotamia is inseparably tied to the larger region which constitutes the contemporary nations of Iran, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, the Gulf Skates, Lebanon, and Israel† (Hunt 23). The greater Mesopotamia is often termed as Near East or simply the Middle East. The history of prehistorically Near East is very complicated and the names of locations and rulers are mostly difficult to read, spell, and even pronounce. Furthermore, the Near East is the part of the globe which today remains remote from the West in terms of culture while political pressures have hampered collective understanding. Despite the complexity of the names and rulers once a person gets the overall geography of the greater region and its antiquity, th e art exposes itself as exceptionally intimate, beautiful, and charming in its complexity. The focus is to demonstrate how important it is to know the history of near East and its empires in order to comprehend the history of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire as well as history of the Greeks. Near East remains an area of unambiguous geographical contrasts through enormous deserts rimmed by rocky and rough mountain ranges disrupted by lush oases. Rivers flow through the topography and most of the waterShow MoreRelatedCorruption of Wealth and Society through Geography in The Great Gatsby1236 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific types of inhabitants. The geography of the novel is primarily comprised of four scenes: East Egg, West Egg, the valley of the ashes, and New York City. Although all of the localities are situated in the East, Nick muses at the end of the novel that the story is, in actuality, â€Å"of the West† (Fitzgerald 176). This discovery insinuates that the materialisms of the East besmirched the characters of the West, symbolizing the deteriorating effects the quest for riches has on traditional values. EmployingRead MoreThe Reasons of the German Reunification Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages The division of Germany into West Germany and East Germany emerged as a stopgap solution for the woeful state of the nation following its defeat in the Second World War. With the United States (US) ultimately gaining full control over West Germany, East Germany increasingly became alienated towards it, as it went under the influence of the Soviet Union (USSR). West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), rapidly grew into one of the most politically and economically influentialRead MoreFactors in the Development of Swing664 Words   |  3 Pagesparticular, the Savoy Ballroom, opened in 1926 in New York, was central to this development because there â€Å"dancers soon incorporated tap and jazz steps into their dancing,† led by individuals such as Benny Goodman and Herbert White (Heikkila). The East Coast Swing, often associated with the Jitterbug, Lindy, and Triple Swing, was a redefinition of the Lindy Hop as the characteristic eight-count step was simplified to a six-step swing during the 1940s. Much of the formalization of this dance wasRead MoreThe Middle East821 Words   |  4 Pagesorientalist idea of the Middle East. It represented the faulty equation of Islam= Muslim= Arab= terrorist or religious fanatics. From the image of the magazine cover, a man dressed in the Middle-East attire can be seen standing on what looks like a balcony with the landscape of the Middle-East in the background. The image in the background presented the Middle East as underdeveloped in an effective manner. The image in the foreground by the top right corner signified the Middle East as an oil-hoarding societyRead MoreThe Caribbean Plate And Its Evolution, Origin And The Active Physical Process Within Tectonic Environments1685 Words   |  7 PagesTHE CARIBBEAN PLATE Evolution and Origin Ronald Gobin B00673944 Erth 4350 Professor: Nicholas Culshaw December 6th 2016 Introduction The following report will introduce the topic of the Caribbean plate and its evolution, origin and the active physical process within tectonic environments. The Pacific model will be discussed in this paper, and assumes the formation of the Caribbean plate at the Galapagos hotspot in the Pacific Ocean during the Middle Cretaceous. Regional SettingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Great Gatsby 1645 Words   |  7 Pagesstory of the West, after all —Tom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life.† Nick says it was a story of the West because they all had the common trait of being lured and accustomed into the Eastern style instead of their origins in the West. The West proven to not be the preferable home of each of these characters, as they all made the decision to move to the East. On the East, where thereRead MorePopulation Genetic History Of The Indian Peninsula Endowed With Heterogenous Complexity Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom China into India through northeastern corridor (Gadgil et al 1998; Diamond 1997) followed by the arrival of Dravidian speakers around 3000 BCE from ancient Caspian civilization originated in East Africa (Lahovary N 1963, Winters CA 1985) and Tibeto-Burman spea kers from South West China or North West China and southeast Asia around 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The last major migration is believed to have occurred around 1500 BCE by Indo-European speakers in consecutive waves over a long period ofRead MoreEssay on The Origins of the Cold War817 Words   |  4 PagesThe Origins of the Cold War The Cold War period from 1945 to 1985 was a result of distrust and misunderstanding between the USSR and the United States of America. This distrust never actually resulted any fighting between the two superpowers but they came very close to fighting on several occasions. The Cold War was a result of many different events and factors including the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Potsdam Conference of 1945, the differences between communismRead MoreResearch Paper957 Words   |  4 Pages3 Data I use data from the German Socioeconomic Panel administered annually from 1984 by the German Institute for Economic research (Wagner, Frick Schupp 2007; Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), 2017)). Starting 1991, GSOEP started including East German data. More than 10’000 individuals are resurveyed and asked a variety of questions concerning their education, employment, life satisfaction, family relations, etc. Each individual is also linked to a household, and household-specific questionnaires areRead MoreThe Pharaohs Of The New Kingdom915 Words   |  4 Pagesonly the primeval waters from which the cosmos was born, but also the annual Nile inundation-a primal feature of Egyptian landscape.† Through the depictions of lotus and palm flora upon the towering columns, we not only find direct illusion to the origins of the cosmos, but also reference to rejuvenation of the cosmos (We will explore this in greater detail in the subsequent segment). Lastly, moving to the inner sanctuary we find yet another appearance of primeval depiction. The sanctuary essentially

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Behaviorism Theory And Language Development Essay

Several theories could be applied to Bernie’s language development. The Behaviorism theory best exemplifies his language development. The Behaviorism Theory states that the acquiring of language is through influences of precursor events, which can impact the frequency of specific behaviors (McLaughlin, 2010). From the case history, Bernie lives in a one-parent household and sees his father four times a year. There is no other detail given in regards to his relationship with his father, and nothing in regards to his parents’ connection to one another. Bernie’s lack of pragmatics skills could be related to him being the product of a one-parent family. According to McLaughlin (2010), â€Å"At birth, the events that essentially integrate the social and functional nature of communication are present almost immediately†. This corresponds with the relationship between caregiver and child that begins at birth and is essential to survival which supports the Behaviorism Theory in relation to his development. McLaughlin (2010), goes on to say that the precursors for infant behaviors are the motivation for language learning. This is further supported by McConachie Diggle (2007), who state that â€Å"children need help to develop early skills in establishing joint attention, imitation of others, communicating interest and meaning as well as immediate wants, understanding the language of others, getting on with and enjoying the company of other people, tolerating change, and so on†.Show MoreRelatedWhy Do We Do Your Regular Schedules?1368 Words   |  6 PagesTodd Donerson 5/9/2015 Intr. Philosophy Main project part 2 Behaviorism Why do we do the things we do in our regular schedules? Do we do it on impulse, is it something we daily choose to do, or are we simply conditioned to a point where it becomes natural? These are the questions behaviorists think about when studying other people. I believe this is the right theory because I believe that everything a person does, why they think they way they do, why they do the things they do is becauseRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof approaches have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of language acquisition. These models were influenced by variety of disciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. One of the most striking differences between the approaches is the perception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring langua ge, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weightRead MoreA Reflection On Learning Theories939 Words   |  4 Pageslearn language, about their temperaments, about their families and home lives. We need to take time to study work samples and figure out what is significant, document children’s conversations and activities, read literature and continue to learn and to understand child development as all of this ties into learning theories. I believe now that through being a more reflective teacher it has shaped my teaching strategy based on three different learning theories I will reflect on. Behaviorism, constructivismRead MoreComparison Between Behaviorism and Cognitive Theories in Tesol844 Words   |  4 PagesBETWEEN BEHAVIORISM AND COGNITIVE THEORIES IN TESOL After decades of development of learning theories, many approaches have been inspired and researched basing on the two most popular theories, behaviorism and cognitive theories. Because of their diverse significant devotion at a certain period in pedagogical history, these theories have been brought on debate over and over, to answer the fundamental question of what is learned (Navarick, 2002). â€Å"The primary difference between these two theories is theRead MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand psychopathology. Freuds theories became very well-known, largely because they tackled subjects such as sexuality, repression, and the unconscious mind as general aspects of psychological development. These were largely considered taboo subjects at the time, and Freud provided a catalyst for them to be openly dis cussed in polite society. While Freud is perhaps best known for his tripartite model of the mind, consisting of the id, ego, and superego, and his theories about the Oedipus complex, hisRead MoreBehavioral Approach And Consistent Misunderstanding And Devaluation1344 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Behaviorism application to early childhood, the behavioral approach and consistent misunderstanding and devaluation exists among many professional in the early childhood field. In this paper, it will discuss the important figures in developing behaviorism, the principal elements of the theory and relevant periods of development through adolescence. In addition, it will identify and describe the critical features of the behavioral approach and their similarities to early childhood and theRead Morepsy 3601407 Words   |  6 Pageseventually led to the foundations of cognitive theory. As psychologists examined how mental processes produced behavior, it was evident a different approach would be needed. Cognitive psychology developed primarily from the inability of the behaviorist approach to fully explain every form of behavior. While there were many things that drove its development, there were four main milestones in the development of cognitive psychology: the inadequacies of behaviorism, the information processing model and computerRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Words   |  5 Pagescomprehend language, and form beliefs. Human development involves cognitive development. Researchers attempted to study thought through introspection. However, introspection was not impartial because individuals are far too complex and do not share similar thoughts and ideas. Throughout this analysis the author explains the interdisciplinary perspective in relation to cognitive psychology, the emergence of cognitive psychology as a discipline, and the impact of the decline of behaviorism on theRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesOrigins of Behaviorism Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. BehaviourismRead MoreApplying Learning Theory Of Life1507 Words   |  7 Pages Applying Learning Theory to Life Kristen Lewis PSY331: Psychology of Learning Nina Dulabaum 2 Feb 2015 Introduction: Learning can be defined as a lasting change in behavior of an entity that is down to the experience gained by the entity. The basic purpose of this paper is to apply the learning principles to by presenting and teaching the information to others in the workforce, to help people learn in the best way. We have to choose the best methods and best principles of learning

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Job Evaluation and Job Structured Essay Sample free essay sample

This occupation requires first-class client dealingss accomplishments. clear and effectual communicating. and cooperation with chaps. Responsible for fixing. processing. packaging. and carrying merchandises harmonizing to Whole Foods Standards. This occupation requires some deli experience and the proper usage of knives. slicer. trash compactor. baler and all other equipment used during nutrient readying and killing. This occupation besides involves following the supervisor’s petitions and making them in timely manners. JOB B Cashier Team memberThis occupation requires runing hard currency registry and helping clients with purchases and supplying a prompt. efficient. and gracious client experience. Keep supplies stocked and a clean country. This occupation requires math accomplishments and first-class communicating accomplishments. JOB C Prepared Food – Supervisor Team LeaderThis occupation requires an overall direction and supervising of the Prepared Food Department every bit good as the hiring. development and expiration procedure. A prepared nutrient director is responsible to command the operational disbursals. achieve targeted gross revenues and set uping and keeping collaborative and productive relationships. The prepared nutrient trough besides requires to describe to hive away squad leader and to tie in shop squad leader. JOB D Prepared Food – Overnight Supervisor Team LeaderThe Prepared Food Supervisor is responsible to help squad leader in the dark operations. Provide first-class service to clients and back up the squad leading in keeping quality criterions in production and counter show. Report any team member who violates Whole Foods constabularies or criterions to the squad leader or associate squad leader. JOB E Dishwasher Team MemberA Dishwasher will be responsible for droping kitchen bringings and cleaning all of the dishes. utensils. pots and pans. Other countries of duty include nutrient homework work and keeping nutrient quality and sanitation in kitchen. A Dishwasher must guarantee that all production squads have healthful tools and workspaces. JOB F Stock Leader Team LeaderAid with scheduling. supervising of squad members and in forming and developing promotional shows. Communicate and maintain Team Member safety and security criterions. Help develop Team Members in other section if needed and performs all responsibilities and duties of food market squad member. JOB G Prepared Food Assistant Team Leader AssistantThis occupation requires describing straight to Prepared Foods Team Leader. A Prepared Food Assistant will be responsible for engaging. development and expiration every bit good as communication and keeping Team Member safety and security criterions and follow and comply with all applicable wellness and sanitation processs. Another duty includes inventory direction. JOB H Store Regional Manager Team LeaderThe Store Team Leader will take. aid and support each shop squad leader while being accountable for all section operations. A Shop Team Leader is besides responsible to measure client service public presentation and decide ailment and responsible for profitableness. disbursal control. buying-merchandising. regulative conformity. and particular undertakings as assigned. JOB I Stock Assistant Team AssistantThis function will include puting and keeping attractive Prepared Foods shows. care of the stocks in the shelves and maintaining the country clean and form. Comply with all applicable safety ordinances and supply first-class client service. Leaderships Procedure. Techniques and FactorsThe procedure used to get at the occupation strcuture began with placing the occupation responsibilities. functions. authorization relationships. accomplishments required. conditions of work. and extra relevant information as indicated in the occupation description. After reading and emcing all occupation descriptions. a occupation rubric was assigned to each missive to be able to find the approximative ranking difference betweeen different occupations. Appareantly Whole Foods divides employees in squads alternatively of a herarchal construction. In order to find the worth of each occupation. a point method was chosen by interrupting down occupations based on identifable standards and the grade to wich each standards exist on the occupation. The paying factors chosen are accomplishments. attempt and duty. Each paying factor has a different per centum value ( skills 50 % . attempt 30 % A ; duty 20 % ) . Each paying factor has two subfctors. with five grades each. The ground of chosen these three factor is because they were found utilizing the occupation description and they allow for comparisions to be seen between different occupations. Skills. Effort and Responability Compensable Factors Degrees Degree 1 Requires small or no old experience and preparation in the nutrient. healthor janitorial services. Perfrom actions in a set of order per writters or verbal instrcutions. Refers jobs to the supervisor. Efficient comunication skilss and custumer service and squad work colaboration. Degree 2 Requires some basix acquisition and some old experience. Solve everyday jobs and have excelent communicating skilss and client service. Knoweledge of all relevant and organisational constabularies and standars. Ability to work in a fast envioroment. Degree 3 Knowledge of an extended organic structure of merchandises. services. tools. and eqiptment. Knowledge of standar constabularies and processs. Training and old experience is required to execute undertaking. Responds to team leaders and expected to move within standars and established processs. Excelent communicating accomplishments. Degree 4 Knoeledge of the rules and methodological analysis of a service field. Extensive experience and preparation and analytical opinion in covering with complex jobs. Reports to Regional Manager. Degree 5Extensive cognition and expeirence in the service field. Plan. delegates and implements complex undertakings. Actions limited merely by company constabularies abd budget. Deli -Bakery ClerkTeller Prepared Food – Supervisor Prepared Food – Overnight Supervisor Dishwasher Stock Leader Prepared Food Assistant Store Regional Manager Stock Assistant Evaluation of the Job DescriptionWhat Parts of them were most utile?The portion that was more utile was the occupation demands. They were detailed and helped to delegate the deserving value to each occupation. How could they be improved? Most of the occupation description failed to include to who the place was to describe to. The deficiency of this type of inside informations made hard the creative activity of a hierarchical chart. Besides there were some places that were really similar and it was difficult to distinguish their duties. This can be improved by including in the occupation description the separating features of the occupation and the authorization.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Website Usability Testing 5 Best Places to Find a Usability Expert

Website usability testing is about making it easier for visitors to accomplish the goal of your website. If you want to improve your site, finding an expert to work with you on your sites usability is a great way to take big steps forward.In this post, well quickly define what usability testing is (and is  not). Then, well share five great places that you can find an expert to improve your websites usability. purchasing a product, completing an online course, etc.People often confuse user experience (UX) with website usability. While they are tightly connected, theyre still different things. UX is how your audience reacts to different elements on your website, whereas website usability refers to how well users can accomplish tasks.Basically, usability testing is about making your site easy to use, while UX is about making your visitors happy. An easy-to-use website will certainly play a role in making visitors happy, but usability is not the  only concern of UX.Some usability tes ting parameters are:Skill level and time required to perform a taskThe degree of helpfulness provided by a productThe attitude of a user towards a task/product.Before you find a website usability testing expert, you need to figure out one thing yourself your websites goal. Your usability testing is all about finding ways to make it easier for visitors to achieve that goal.Whatever your usability goal may be, it would always include the following factors:SpeedAccuracyOverall successThe degree of satisfactionTo determine your websites goal, you can do it by yourself in a lot of cases. Or, you can work with a usability expert to really drill down and figure out whats most important to you and your visitors.Ready to get started with website usability testing? Here are the best places to find an expert1. Toptal Only includes vetted freelancersToptal is one of the best platforms to hire someone for usability work. This platform has some of the best web designers, web developers, project managers, and fundraising experts for website usability testing.The company will require that you deposit 500$ once you hire a freelancer, although you can get a refund if you eventually back out. Unlike Upwork or any other job board, the Toptal team vets all freelancers before they can join the platform.Key features:Get vetted freelancers: the Toptal team hires freelancers after several testing stepsTop 3% of web designers for getting best usability resultsQuote-based pricing model with one-time payment mode.2. Upwork An open freelance marketplaceUpwork is one of the oldest platforms for hiring a talented freelancer in almost any field, including usability.You can select a freelancer from beginner to expert level, based on your budget. You can pay per hour or pay a specific amount for a project.To get started, you can post a specific description of the usability job you need and start receiving proposals for your website usability testing project. You can also check the freelance rs profile for tests and certifications to determine their skill level.Upwork has some great experts. Selecting the intermediate skill level when posting a job will help you get quality work in a budget-friendly way.For the best results, you should:Individually check each freelancers portfolio, test scores, certifications, and reviewsGet budget-friendly options for quick jobs (like widget improvement)Set up a test project to find the best talentUse Upworks automatic time tracking system for precise hourly billing.3. 99designs An emphasis on designers99designs is a marketplace with creative web designers, which is especially beneficial if you have an e-commerce website (where conversion relies very much on your page layout). You can also find professionals to create a landing page for your agency by performing website usability tests.This platform lets you post a project for free and a bunch of designers will submit their project. You only need to pay for the design that you decide to use. You can post the entire project for one freelancer, or you can hire a specific designer for different elements like your logo, product widgets, and quick fixes.This platform has designers with expertise in logo, brand, and website design. You can hire them to create a visual brand aesthetic for your online store. The 99designs team perform some quality tests and publish the top UX designers every year.4. UX Switch UX-focused job boardUX Switch is the best place to hire for a bigger project, like a full-time website usability testing expert.They have designers experienced in UX improvement, visual design, interaction design, user research, and more. You can also post a job for  free, which is quite convenient.Since its a UX-focused platform, it covers all aspects of a website. Therefore, you can easily find a usability designer.5. Coroflot A platform for design jobsCoroflot has the most sophisticated freelancers with a good eye for website usability testing. They can make the perfect human-computer interaction basically, better website usability testing.Youll need to pay to post your job, starting at $295 for a one-off posting or $200/job for multiple posts. However, the diversity and expertise of the experts here make the payment worthwhile.You can choose from usability engineering experts with the experience needed to test a complex, software-based business website, and your job will stay online for 90 days.For large businesses, Coroflot or Toptal would be the best choices.That sums up this post! Dont forget to put your site under maintenance mode while working on the usability components.Do you have any questions about how to choose the right usability expert for your website? Let us know in the comments! Want to improve #usability at your #website? Here are 5 spots to find usability testing experts

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Buonaparte - Relationship of Bonaparte and Buonaparte

Buonaparte - Relationship of Bonaparte and Buonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte was born as Napoleone Buonaparte, the second son of a Corsican family with dual Italian heritage: his father Carlo descended from Francesco Buonaparte, a Florentine who had emigrated in the mid-sixteenth century. Napoleons mother was a Ramolino, a family who arrived in Corsica c. 1500. For a while, Carlo, his wife, and their children were all Buonapartes, but history records the great emperor as being Bonaparte. Why? A growing French influence on both Corsica and the family caused them to adopt the French version of their name: Bonaparte. The future emperor changed his first name too, to just Napoleon. French Influence France gained control of Corsica in 1768, sending an army and a governor who would both play key roles in Napoleons life. Carlo certainly became close friends with the Comte de Marbeuf, the French ruler of Corsica, and fought to send the elder children to be educated in France so they could rise up the ranks of the much larger, richer and more powerful French world; however, their surnames remained almost wholly Buonaparte. It was only in 1793 that the use of Bonaparte begins to grow in frequency, thanks largely to Napoleons failure in Corsican politics and the familys consequent flight to France, where they initially lived in poverty. Napoleon was now a member of the French military, but had managed to a return to Corsica and involved himself in the power struggles of the area. Unlike his later career, things went badly, and the French army (and the French mainland) were soon their new home. Napoleon soon found success, first as an artillery commander in the siege of Toulon and the creation of the ruling Directory, and then in the triumphant Italian Campaign of 1795-6, whereupon he changed almost permanently to Bonaparte. It was clear at this point that the French military was his future, if not the government of France, and a French name would aid this: people could still be suspicious of foreigners (as they still tend to be.) Other members of his family followed as their lives became intertwined with the high-politics of France, and soon the newly named Bonaparte family ruled vast areas of Europe. Political Motivations The changing of the family name from Italian to French seems clearly political in retrospect: as members of an up-and-coming dynasty who ruled France, it made perfect sense to appear French and adopt French affectations. However, theres debate over the scant evidence, and its possible there wasnt a deliberate, family-wide, decision to rename themselves, just the constant and subversive effects of living among French culture working to lead them all to change. Carlos death in 1785, well before the use of Bonaparte became even remotely common, may also have been an enabling factor: they could well have stayed Buonaparte if he had still been alive.​ Readers may wish to note that a similar process happened to the Buonaparte childrens first names: Joseph was born Giuseppe, Napoleon was Napoleone and so on.

Sunday, February 23, 2020

The international finance structure and the IPE of international Debt Essay

The international finance structure and the IPE of international Debt - Essay Example Firstly, chapter 7 denotes the fact that international political economics and the agreements that are associated with it deal with political and economic agreements. As the name implies, development, debt, trade, and resource requisition and distribution are a core complement of the way in which international political economics is currently defined and practice. However, more than just monetary and financial decisions, power politics, namely forcing one state or entity to engage in international political economics to a different degree or extent that they might otherwise be willing, is a fundamental complement of the way in which international political economics is currently defined. Another salient factor that helps to constrain and define the way in which international political economics takes place within the current world is currency rate. Ultimately, even though economic decisions can be made with regard to X product being purchased at any price, the role and extent to whic h exchange rates impact the decisions that international political economics incurs are extraordinary. The impact that the dollar has on setting supply and demand ratios and equilibrium point is profound. However, even though this power is profound, the demand for the dollar is not something that is set in stone. Although the United States government necessarily has a great deal of latitude in respect of the amount of dollars that are in global circulation and â€Å"supply,† the demand for these dollars fluctuates based upon fear or confidence, restricting or expanding the global economy as a function of this faith or fear in the international currency of exchange. An approach that the chapter references with regard to the way in which international political economy is currently defined concerns global economic factors. What is meant by this is that even though the preceding analysis has been wholly concentric upon the way in which state actors can influence the global polit ical economy, the fact of the matter is that non-state actors, indeed individuals, can have a profound impact on the evolution and development of international political economics itself. For instance, currency speculation is one manner through which an individual, or a group of individuals, can have a deep impact on the currency exchange rate and/or an overall level of trust or belief in a given currency. History is replete with examples of individual investors, and groups of investors, that had been able to successfully shake competence or boost confidence in a given currency, and thereby fundamentally alter the way in which international political economics takes place. Although these situations are somewhat less important than the governmental/state decisions that have thus far been discussed and analyzed in terms of supply and demand of a given currency, they are nonetheless definitive and important in determining the future of the international political economic system. Where as chapter 7 is effective in helping to give an overview of the internatio

Friday, February 7, 2020

Station Nightclub Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Station Nightclub Fire - Research Paper Example Station night club has a by complex layout of the club and the bar section and has small entrances and exits. The complexity of the club’s architectural structures contributed to the loss of substantial lives during the fire incident in 2003. The fire incident happened during the time when the club’s management had scheduled a filming session concerning fire safety in clubs. This session was scheduled to conduct public lessons on fire issues after a crowd management issue that had claimed some lives at another club within the island. In the process of conducting the exercise, the club’s management allowed the use of pyrotechnic devises to demonstrate the practical aspects of the lesson. The pyrotechnic flames ended up igniting the flammable materials at the platform part of the club which eventually caused the spread of the fire the other sections of the club. The incident that led to the ignition of flames to the spread of fire inside the club took approximately 6 minutes. This short period instilled panic to the clubbers who in turn struggled to exit the building. Their efforts to move out of the club were hindered by the stampede that ensued at both the escape routes and the main entrance of the club. Few minutes after the fire, the whole club was covered in flames while the people were still struggling to free themselves. 10 minutes after the fire, the club’s fire management team and the fire rescue team initiated their efforts to put out the fire. However, their efforts to rescue the trapped club members were unsuccessful given the fact that the fire had reached its full blown stage. The aftermath of the incident was characterized by immediate review of the codes applied by the company in fire incidences. This process entailed reviewing of the codes by the NFPA and initiation of a research project to test the efficiencies of the codes that were in existence before the fire (Barry, 2010). Among the codes that were addressed after the fire

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

On the Job Training Essay Example for Free

On the Job Training Essay OJT is a three letter acronym for on-the-job training, which is a form of training taking place in a normal working situation. OJT training, sometimes called direct instruction, is one of the earliest forms of training (observational learning is probably the earliest,). It is a one-on-one training located at the job site, where someone who knows how to do a task shows another how to perform it. In antiquity, the kind of work that people did was mainly unskilled or semiskilled work that did not require specialized knowledge. Parents or other community members, who knew how to do a job necessary for survival, passed their knowledge on to the children through direct instruction. On-the-job training is still widely in use today. In fact, it is probably the most popular method of training because it requires only a person who knows how to do the task, and the tools the person uses to do the task. It may not be the most effective or the most efficient method at times, but it is normally the easiest to arrange and manage. Because the training takes place on the job, it can be highly realistic and no transfer of learning is required. It is often inexpensive because no special equipment is needed other than what is normally used on the job. The other side is that OJT takes the trainer and materials out of production for the duration of the training time. In addition, due to safety or other production factors, it is prohibitive in some environments. Training is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving ones capability, capacity, and performance. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology (also known as technical colleges or polytechnics). In addition to the basic training required for a trade, occupation or profession, observers of the labor-market[who? ] recognize as of 2008[update] the need to continue training beyond initial qualifications: to maintain, upgrade and update skills throughout working life. People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of training as professional development.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Women in Tickets Please are More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch Deceiver :: D.H. Lawrence Thomas Hardy Women Essays

Women in Tickets Please are More Assertive than Those in Tony Kyters, The Arch Deceiver 'Tickets Please' was written by D.H. Lawrence in the ending phase of World War One a time when women were beginning to realise that they were equal citizens to men and that they did not have to stay at the houses cooking for a loving husband. The protagonists of this short story are Annie a rather well build woman who has a way with the opposite sex and also knows fully well that she is feared as the ringleader of the pack of women that now haunt the tram tracks of the Midlands, and there is also John Thomas a somewhat good-looking man who - knowing that most men are off at helping in the war effort - realises that he has all the women at his back and call. John Thomas also enjoys his female attention and is really quiet a flirt. The women in 'Tickets Please' are feared by men of a bigger stature than themselves but why? This is because they have an aura around them that creates a sense of masculinity that comes with there job. On the other hand we have 'Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver' written by Thomas Hardy the women are totally the opposite to the women mentioned above they bow low and are treated as second class citizens that are lower in the rankings of society than the all dominant male. They instantly follow Tony's commands to sit in the back of the wagon and never argue back. They seem fragile and weak, and eager to settle down and marry. One of the reasons for this dramatic change in character development is that both stories are set in different periods which significantly effects the women in the stories sense of pride in there sex. The girls in 'Tickets Please are 'fearless young hussies' compared to the women in 'Tony Kytes, The Arch-Deceiver' who wouldn't dare answer back to a male. 'Tony Kytes' women are portrayed as dainty, neat, fragile, light hearted women who have no real reason to be on the face of the earth apart from creating more males. The reason they is portrayed in this way is due to the periods that they are set in. One as mentioned above is in World war 1, and the other was in the early 18th Century. These periods are totally different as one is in the face of total war and the other is in the peaceful reign of queen Victoria. In World War One women took on new responsibilities which meant that the had to

Sunday, January 12, 2020

American Immigrants

In the past, America has been a destination for foreign Immigrants especially the employees who are looking for job opportunities. Highly skilled young people trained in management, technology, medicine have all been flocking to U. S. in search of jobs. The U. S. government had also openly scoured the Northern and West central Mexico to get workers during the World War I. There was a program ‘bracero’ which means ‘strong arm’ which brought about 400,000 workers in every year in U. S. from 1942-1965. (Stout R. J. 2).However there have been factors that have prompted the large number of U. S. foreigners to go back home to their native land and settle back there.. This paper focuses on some of the reasons as to why U. S. immigrants are going back home and settling there and possible solution that could reduce problem of going back. The problem of accessing permanent visa to the immigrants has played a major role in encouraging U. S. immigrants go back to their countries. Some people have been waiting for their visas for more than 10 years.Many people have become impatient with waiting of the Permanent Visa. Their have also been a great number of people especially the Chinese and Indians who have been going back home from America because of availability of job opportunities related to their professional careers. This has mostly applied to those who have chances of bringing innovations and growth in their home countries. This makes it easy for to afford purchase more commodities compared to U. S. and hence have a better quality life.There have also been a demand for skills on those who are going back home from the U. S. The technological companies for instance in India have been performing well and most of the top management jobs are given to their citizens. As much as the U. S immigrants get jobs in America, they don’t get the top managerial jobs as compared to when they are in their own countries. This fact makes it more reasonable for them to go back to their country and take these more prestigious positions.Economic recession has also contributed to resettling of U. S immigrants to go back home to their countries. So many job cuts have been made so that the company’s and the country can recover from the recession. High cost of living in America forces many to leave the country and go back home with their savings which has more purchasing power in their own country. The comfort of being near your family and friends, better career prospects and better quality life has made most of the U. S. skilled foreigners are deciding to go back home .However, the culmination of this is population pressure, competition for lands and jobs in their home countries. Many of those who have returned are also reported to be sick and more inclined to committing crimes compared to when they left. The money they have also brought back in their home countries has caused a challenge in that they forced an increase in local lan d prices. (LaGumina S. J. 549) To reduce the problem settlement instability in one country, the U. S government need to reduce the duration for waiting for permanent visa. Develop a policy that could encourage both U.S. citizens and immigrants be employed and promoted in top managerial positions so that they can find good reason for settling there than keeping migrating. Economic policy which focuses mostly on U. S government reducing spending especially on war needs to be emphasized and implemented. This would reduce the economic recession that has been witnessed in the past which forces major job cuts in big companies leading to immigration. Work cited LaGumina S. J. , Italian American experience, Taylor and Francis, 2000. Stout R. J. Why immigrants come to America. Green World, 2008.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Black Theater By William Henry Brown - 941 Words

1.) During 1821 and 1926 Black Theater is determined in two different definitions. The first definition for Black Theater came about in 1821, and in Manhattan by the American Grove Theater founded by William Henry Brown. The definition for black theater was â€Å"created by African-Americans, for African-American audience and about topics that are important to the African American community. At this point in time, African Americans were enslaved throughout America. African-Americans did not have much rights, so the definition â€Å"created by African-Americans† was significant to show that they have a voice too, â€Å"for African American audience and about topics that are important to the African-American community† can be depicted so that African-Americans could rise up and overcome the Slavery system. This definition could have been geared towards African Americans being hopeful or having something to be happy about. Most significantly, for all African Americans com ing together to see these playwrights would educate black people and hopefully inspire them to create better lives for themselves together. Slavery and racial discrimination towards blacks has to be the most that contributed to this definition. The other definition was created in 1926 by W.E.B Du Bois through the Krigwa players in Harlem. This definition for black theater was â€Å"for, by, about, near us.† The Harlem Renaissance Movement is taking place during this time and contributes to the change in definition. The HarlemShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Development of Black Playwright3240 Words   |  13 PagesBlack theater is as old as the first tribes in Africa who would dance with wooden masks to represent gods or legends (Kerr, p3). The playwrights of this time were the Griots, who were known as the keepers of history in African tribes and mark the beginning of African literary tradition (Freeman.) 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